Romania.
The Crimean War brought about the final turn: the two principalities (Moldavia and Wallachia) both elected in Jan.-Feb. 1859
Prince Alexander Ioan Cuza as hereditary prince.
In Jan. 1862 he changed the principalities to a state and named the new state Romania (Romania).
His liberal reign and especially the land reform in 1864 led to this deposition by means of a coup d'état in 1866.
After a referendum in 1866 the throne was offered to Charles (pers).
The formal sovereign The sultan, had had to put up with all this, and in 1877 Charles (pers) proclaimed Romania's full independence, as he with decisive effect placed his country on Russia's side in the war against Turkey in 1877-1878.
The increasing use of oil made a certain development of the country possible, but corruption thrived and the peasants were much oppressed, so in 1907 they instigated a revolt, which cost them dearly, as it rather brutally was cracked down.
Last updated: 5. Aug. 2007