Austria-Hungary.
In Bosnia-Herzegovina after a Christian rebellion was swooped down harshly in 1875 of the Turks, the whole country (which was much wanted by Serbia) was in 1878 occupied by Austria-Hungary, after which it was annexed in 1908.
During the Turkish coercive regime (almost entirely from 1453) the big landowners had converted to Islam, as only Muslims were allowed to own land, the Christian Serbs and Croats and so on, came to constitute the lower classes (which created a lot of unrest, as they gradually got the courage to oppose).
Last updated: 5. Aug. 2007